Smart Cards Automated Fare Collection System Market

- Methodology/Research Approach

The research study involved the extensive usage of both primary and secondary data sources. The research process involved the study of various factors affecting the industry, including the government policy, market environment, competitive landscape, historical data, present trends in the market, technological innovation, upcoming technologies and the technical progress in related industry, and market risks, opportunities, market barriers and challenges. The following illustrative figure shows the market research methodology applied in this report.

Research Programs/Design

Table Research Programs/Design

Market Size Estimation

Top-down and bottom-up approaches are used to validate the global product market size and estimate the market size for company, regions segments, product segments and application (end users).

The market estimations in this report are based on the marketed sale price of product (excluding any discounts provided by the manufacturer, distributor, wholesaler or traders). The percentage splits, market share, and breakdown of the product segments are derived on the basis of weightages assigned to each of the segments on the basis of their utilization rate and average sale price. The regional splits of the overall product market and its sub-segments are based on the percentage adoption or utilization of the given product in the respective region or country.

Major companies from the market are identified through secondary research and their market revenues determined through primary and secondary research. Secondary research included the research of the annual and financial reports of the top companies; whereas, primary research included extensive interviews of key opinion leaders and industry experts such as experienced frontline staff, directors, CEOs and marketing executives. The percentage splits, market share, growth Rate and breakdown of the product markets are determined through using secondary sources and verified through the primary sources.

All possible factors that influence the markets included in this research study have been accounted for, viewed in extensive detail, verified through primary research, and analyzed to get the final quantitative and qualitative data. The market size for top-level markets and sub-segments is normalized, and the effect of inflation, economic downturns, and regulatory & policy changes or other factors are not accounted for in the market forecast. This data is combined and added with detailed inputs and analysis from research and presented in the report

The following figure shows an illustrative representation of the overall market size estimation processused for this study.

Figure Bottom-up and Top-down approaches

Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation

After complete market engineering with calculations for market statistics; market size estimations; market forecasting; market breakdown; and data triangulation, extensive primary research was conducted to gather information and verify and validate the critical numbers arrived at. In the complete market engineering process, both top-down and bottom-up approaches were extensively used, along with several data triangulation methods, to perform market estimation and market forecasting for the overall market segments and sub segments listed in this report. Extensive qualitative and further quantitative analysis is also done from all the numbers arrived at in the complete market engineering process to list key information throughout the report.

Figure Data Triangulation

- Data Source

Secondary Sources

Secondary sources include such as press releases, annual reports, non-profit organizations, industry associations, governmental agencies and customs data etc. This research study involves the usage of widespread secondary sources, directories, databases such as Bloomberg Business, Wind Info, Hoovers, Factiva (Dow Jones & Company), and TRADING ECONOMICS, and News Network, Statista, Federal Reserve Economic Data, annual reports, BIS Statistics, ICIS; company house documents; CAS (American Chemical Society); investor presentations; and SEC filings of companies. Secondary research was used to identify and collect information useful for the extensive, technical, marketoriented, and commercial study of the Product market. It was also used to obtain important information about the top companies, market classification and segmentation according to industry trends to the bottom-most level, and key developments related to market and technology perspectives.

Table Key Data Information from Secondary Sources

Primary Sources

In the primary research process, various sources from both the supply and demand sides were interviewed to obtain qualitative and quantitative information for this report. The primary sources from the supply side include product Company (and their competitors), opinion leaders, industry experts, research institutions, distributors, dealer and traders, as well as the raw materials suppliers and producers etc.

The primary sources from the demand side include industry experts such as business leaders, marketing and sales directors, technology and innovation directors, supply chain executive, market (product buyers), and related key executives from various key companies and organizations operating in the global market.

Primary research was conducted to identify segmentation types, product price range, product Application, key Company, raw materials supply and the downstream demand, industry status and outlook, and key market dynamics such as risks, influence factors, opportunities, market barriers, industry trends, and key player strategies.

Table Key Data Information from Primary Sources